Well, there’s an intangible aspect. As Al Ewing put it in one of his interviews about CAP & MIGHTY, becoming Cap is like being elected to the highest office in the super hero land.
Every action that you take is read in a completely different way when you’re Captain America. There are things that Sam could say or do as the Falcon that would have a different context if he did them as Captain America.
There’s an expectation to Captain America.
But you’re asking what makes somebody “qualify” as Captain America, I’d imagine.
I think that Steve Rogers saying that they are carries a little bit of weight.
I think standing up for principles, and doing the right thing, and embodying the spirit and the founding principles of the nation also do.